![]() ![]() Scientific studies show that the financial, psychological, and physical well-being of gay people are enhanced by marriage, and that the children of same-sex parents benefit from being raised by married same-sex couples within a marital union that is recognized by law and supported by societal institutions. The application of marriage law equally to same-sex and opposite-sex couples has varied by jurisdiction, and has come about through legislative change to marriage law, court rulings based on constitutional guarantees of equality, recognition that marriage of same-sex couples is allowed by existing marriage law, and by direct popular vote, such as through referendums and initiatives. The first law providing for marriage equality between same-sex and opposite-sex couples was passed in the continental Netherlands in 2000 and took effect on 1 April 2001. The first same-sex couple to be married legally in modern times were Michael McConnell and Jack Baker in 1971 in the United States they were married in the county of Hennepin County, Minnesota. Some countries, such as China and Russia, ban advocacy for the legal recognition of same-sex marriages. It is legally recognized in a large majority of the world's developed democracies, while it is not in all of the world's Islamic polities and most Marxist-Leninist states. There are records of marriage between men dating back to the first century. In six of the former and most of the latter, homosexuality itself is criminalized. Some other countries have constitutionally mandated Islamic law, which is generally interpreted as prohibiting marriage between same-sex couples. In contrast, 34 countries (as of 2021) have definitions of marriage in their constitutions that prevent marriage between couples of the same sex, most enacted in recent decades as a preventative measure. As of 2023, marriage between same-sex couples is legally performed and recognized in 34 countries, constituting some 1.35 billion people (17% of the world's population), with the most recent being Andorra.Īdoption rights are not necessarily covered, though most states with same-sex marriage allow those couples to jointly adopt as other married couples can. Same-sex marriage, also known as gay marriage, is the marriage of two people of the same legal sex. Hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status.Foreign same-sex spouses are eligible for a "Non-Tourist Visa" as a dependent.Some cities and prefectures issue partnership certificates, though not legally formalized. ![]() Unregistered cohabitation or Maitri karar–type contractual relationships, but they are not legally binding.Legal guardianships (nationwide, except Hong Kong and Macau), residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents (Hong Kong).Romania ruling of the European Court of Justice obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of EU citizens. Registered foreign marriages confer limited rights. ![]() Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and American Samoa. Neither performed nor recognized in some tribal nations. ![]()
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